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YURISPRUDENSI MAHKAMAH AGUNG RI MENGENAI HUKUM PIDANA

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YURISPRUDENSI MAHKAMAH AGUNG RI

MENGENAI HUKUM PIDANA

 

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 202 K / PID / 1990 Tanggal 30 Januari 1993, KAIDAH HUKUM: Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi yang memperberat pidana tanpa menyebutkan sama sekali apa yang dapat dinilai sebagai hal yang dapat memperberat pidana tersebut, melainkan hanya menganggap pidana yang dijatuhkan Pengadilan Negeri terlalu ringan, padahal Pengadilan Tinggi telah menyetujui pertimbangan hukum dan hal yang memberatkan serta yang meringankan sebagaimana telah dipertimbangkan oleh Pengadilan Negeri, dianggap sebagai putusan yang tidak cukup dipertimbangkan, dan cukup alasan untuk membatalkannya;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1104 K / PID / 1990 Tanggal 27 Februari 1993, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex factie telah salah menerapkan hukum, sebab korban jatuh karena terserempet oleh pengendara sepeda yang di depannya dan karena jatuhnya ke kanan maka korban tergilas oleh roda bus yang dikemudikan Terdakwa; ternyata kenderaan bus yang dikemudikan Terdakwa berada di jalur yang benar atau di sebelah kiri, sehingga tidak terbukti adanya unsur  kelalaian / kealpaan pada diri Terdakwa, dan Makamah Agung mengadili sendiri;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1047 K / PID / 1992 Tanggal 29 November 1994, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dari keterangan Notaris, terbukti dia dipaksa oleh Terdakwa untuk membuat agar isi akta Notaris menyimpang dari surat wasiat; saksi – saksi lain juga menerangkan tidak tahu ada perubahan yang bertentangan dengan surat wasiat; disamping itu terbukti pula bahwa salah satu saksi sudah mendapatkan hak milik dari Kantor Agraria secara sah. Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut, maka Mahkamah Agung berpendapat bahwa unsur – unsur dakwaan telah terpenuhi dalam perbuatan Terddakwa, oleh karena itu Terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan kejahatan yang didakwakan dalam surat dakwaan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1575 K / PID / 1992 Tanggal 20 Februari 1993, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dakwaan I (eks Pasal 187 KUHP) seharusnya tidak secara kumulatif didakwakan bersama – sama dengan dakwaan II (eks Pasal 164 KUHP), karena tindak pidana ex pasal 187 KUHP adalah dalam hal para Terdakwa didakwa sebagai pelakunya, sedangkan tindak pidana ex pasal 164 KUHP adalah dalam hal para Terdakwa didakwa mengetahui orang lain bermufakat akan melakukan tindak pidana termaksud dalam pasal 187 KUHP, tetapi tidak memberitahukannya kepada pejabat kehakiman atau kepolisian atau kepada yang terancam;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 71 K / PID / 1993 Tanggal 17 September 1996, KAIDAH HUKUM:

  1. Unsur melawan hukum tidak dapat diartikan dalam pengertian sempit melainkan harus dalam pengertian yang lebih luas, termasuk didalamnya ketentuan yang tidak tertulis maupun kebiasaan yang seharusnya dipatuhi; karena Terdakwa telah jelas melanggar ketentuan prosedur pemberian overdraft, unsur melawan hukum haruslah dinyatakan terbukti;
  2. Terdakwa sebagai pembantu tidak dapat dinyatakan terbukti bersalah hanya berdasarkan perkiraan, sebab unsur kesengajaan dalam memberi bantuan sebagaimana dalam pasal 56 ayat (1) KUHP tidak dapat hanya disimpulkan dari keharusan Terdakwa menduga akan terjadinya delik yang akan dilakukan oleh pelaku, melainkan adanya bantuan tersebut harus nyata dan dirasakan oleh yang dibantu, juga benar – benar dikehendaki oleh Terdakwa, tidak hanya sekedar karena culpa / lalai;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 354 K / PID / 1993 Tanggal 19 Agustus 1997, KAIDAH HUKUM: Seorang yang mengaku berhak terhadap suatu barang, dalam hal ini tanah, tidak dapat mengambil/ menguasainya dari penguasaan orang lain begitu saja atau bertindak main hakim, melainkan harus melalui prosedur hukum, yakni gugatan perdata;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1677 K / PID / 1993 Tanggal 7 Februari 1996, KAIDAH HUKUM: Karena Terdakwa telah mengakui dan membenarkan keterangan saksi Fransiska Meo Iku yang dibacakan dari Berita Acara Penyidikan, walaupun tanpa didahului penyumpahan saksi ketika disidik, bahwa ia telah mencuri barang bukti cincin emas dan menggadaikannya kepada saksi tersebut, maka keterangan tersebut mempunyai nilai pembuktian yang sah, sehingga Terdakwa telah terbukti dengan sah dan meyakinkan mengambil barang milik orang lain secara melawan hukum untuk memiliki barang yang diambilnya;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 863 K / PID / 1994 Tanggal 10 Agustus 1994, KAIDAH HUKUM: Berat ringannya pidana adalah wewenang judex factie yang tidak tunduk pada kasasi, kecuali apabila judex factie menjatuhkan pidana melampaui batas maksimum yang ditentukan UU atau pidana dijatuhkan tanpa pertimbangan yang cukup. Hukuman yang dijatuhkan adalah 4 tahun dan 6 bulan, jadi masih kurang dari 8 tahun. Dalam hal Terpidana, sebelum lampau batas 5 tahun setelah dihukum, melakukan tindak pidana sejenis (recidive), hal itu tidak perlu dirumuskan dalam amar, cukup dalam pertimbangan saja ;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 933 K / PID / 1994 Tanggal 28 Agustus 1997, KAIDAH HUKUM: Syarat khusus mengembalikan uang korban pada hakikatnya adalah masalah perdata dan oleh karenanya tidak dapat disamakan dengan keharusan mengganti kerugian dalam putusan perkara pidana, sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 14 C (1) KUHP. Akan tetapi kesalahan tersebut tidak menyebabkan batalnya putusan in casu, melainkan cukup diperbaiki;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1213 K / PID / 1994 Tanggal 25 Januari 1996, KAIDAH HUKUM: Oleh karena judex factie (Pengadilan Negeri) telah salah menerapkan hukum dan Penuntut Umum / Jaksa dapat membuktikan putusan Pengadilan Negeri bebas tidak murni karena judex factie salah menafsirkan unsur memiliki, maka permohonan kasasi dari Penuntut Umum tersebut pantas dikabulkan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1046 K / PID / 1995 Tanggal 26 Juni 1996, KAIDAH HUKUM: Perbuatan mengakui bahwa suatu barang milik orang lain seluruhnya atau sebagian sebagai miliknya sudah memenuhi unsur – unsur tindak kejahatan penggelapan, apalagi barang tersebut kemudian dijual kepada orang lain;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 55 PK / PID / 1996 Tanggal 25 Oktober 1996, KAIDAH HUKUM: Berdasarkan pertimbangan Mahkamah Agung sendiri dan pertimbangan judex factie yang dinilai telah tepat dan benar, Mahkamah Agung menyatakan telah cukup bukti secara sah dan meyakinkan, bahwa Terdakwa bersalah melakukan perbuatan tindak pidana sebagaimana didakwakan dalam dakwaan kesatu (pasal 160 jo. pasal 164 ayat (1) KUHP) dan dakwaan kedua (pasal 161 ayat (1) KUHP); oleh karena itu, atas kesalahan tersebut, Terdakwa dijatuhi pidana;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 329 K / PID / 1996 Tanggal 20 September 1996, KAIDAH HUKUM: Pasal 170 ayat (1) KUHP tidak dapat dikenakan kepada para Terdakwa, sebab unsur melakukan kekerasan dalam pasal 170 (1) KUHP bukan merupakan alat / usaha untuk mencapai tujuan (niat para Terdakwa), sehingga seandainyapun terjadi kerusakan, hal itu hanyalah merupakan akibat perbuatan kekerasan tersebut; oleh karenanya, terhadap para Terdakwa tersebut lebih tepat dikenakan pasal 406 (1) KUHP;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 821 K / PID / 1996 Tanggal 29 September 1997, KAIDAH HUKUM: Hukum tidak mengenal keadaan hampir dewasa, juga dalam perkara ini, dimana saksi korban baru berumur 14 tahun;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 962 K / PID / 1996 Tanggal 5 Maret 1998, KAIDAH HUKUM: Apabila ada dugaan bahwa Terdakwa telah melakukan tindak pidana perjudian di tempat umum (melanggar pasal 303 bis KUHP), maka Pengadilan Negeri harus mengembalikan berkas perkara tersebut kepada pihak kepolisian untuk kemudian diajukan ke persidangan melalui kejaksaan, bukannya memeriksa dan mengadili perkara itu menurut acara pemeriksaan tindak pidana ringan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 52 K / PID / 1997 Tanggal 22 Januari 1998, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex factie salah menerapkan hukum karena dakwaan didasarkan pada UU yang telah dinyatakan tidak berlaku lagi, sehingga penuntutannya tidak dapat diterima. Maka putusan Pengadilan Tinggi dan Pengadilan Negeri tidak dapat dipertahankan lagi dan harus dibatalkan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 366 K / PID / 1997 Tanggal 8 Desember 1999, KAIDAH HUKUM: Hak Cipta termaksud yang sudah terdaftar di Direktorat Hak Cipta, Patent dan Merek Departemen Kehakiman Republik Indonesia adalah milik saksi. Maka dakwaan kesatu menurut hukum sesungguhnya telah terbukti dengan sah. Dalam perkara ini, telah terjadi kesalahan dalam penerapan hukum oleh judex factie; terhadap pelanggaran Pasal 11 (1) sub k jo. Pasal 44 UU 6 / 1982 yang diubah dengan UU 7 / 1987 tentang Hak Cipta, jo. Pasal 55 (1) ke – 1 jo. Pasal 65 (1) KUHP, Pengadilan Negeri telah tidak menerapkan hukum sebagaimana mestinya;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 812 K / PID / 1997 Tanggal 6 Oktober 1997, KAIDAH HUKUM: Meskipun permohonan kasasi dari Pemohon – kasasi dikabulkan, tetapi karena Pemohon – kasasi tetap dijatuhi pidana, maka biaya perkara dibebankan kepada Pemohon – kasasi tersebut;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1156 K / PID / 2000 Tanggal 11 Oktober 2000, KAIDAH HUKUM: Perbuatan Pemohon – kasasi yang belum memberikan tembusan Surat Perintah Penangkapan adalah sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 18 (3) KUHAP. Menurut ketentuan tersebut, tembusan tersebut harus diberikan segera setelah penangkapan dilakukan, akan tetapi ternyata Pemohon – kasasi belum melakukan penangkapan.

Dalam perkara a quo, Pemohon ditangkap dan ditahan atas perintah dan oleh Polisi Federal Australia, bukan oleh petugas Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, sedangkan Praperadilan mengenai sah atau tidaknya penangkapan dan penahanan hanya berlaku bagi penangkapan dan penahanan yang dilakukan oleh penyidik Indonesia sebagaimana ditentukan dan diatur Pasal 17, 18 dan 20 KUHAP;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1378 K / PID / 2000 Tanggal 16 November 2000, KAIDAH HUKUM: Menurut pendapat Mahkamah Agung telah terbukti bahwa perbuatan Terdakwa bukan hanya sekedar memilih atau menyimpan shabu – shabu / psikotropika tersebut, sehingga perbuatan Terdakwa telah memenuhi rumusan pasal 60 ayat (1) sub c UU 5 / 1997 tentang Psikotropika;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 202 K / PID / 2001 Tanggal 31 Mei 2001, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex factie tidak tepat dalam mempertimbangkan dakwaan Jaksa / Penuntut Umum sebagaimana yang termuat dalam surat dakwaan. Jaksa / Penuntut Umum menyebutkan bahwa ganja bukan tanaman. Hal itu akan dapat menimbulkan kerancuan pengertian yang berakibat dakwaan menjadi kabur, dan dakwaan yang tidak jelas / kabur harus dinyatakan batal demi hukum;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 991 K / PID / 2001 Tanggal 13 Desember 2001, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex factie telah salah menerapkan hukum, terutama hukum pembuktian, yaitu hanya memerhatikan keterangan seorang saksi, sementara hak – hak saksi lainnya diabaikan, sekalipun semua saksi disumpah menurut agamanya masing – masing (unus testis nullus testis);

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1572 K / PID / 2001 Tanggal 30 Maret 2001, KAIDAH HUKUM: 1. Judex factie telah salah menerapkan hukum atau menerapkan hukum tidak sebagaiman mestinya, Psl 185 (6) KUHAP.

  1. Judex factie tidak membuat pertimbangan yang disusun secara ringkas mengenai fakta dan keadaan serta alat pembuktian yang diperoleh dan pemeriksaan di sidang yang menjadi dasar penentu kesalahan Terdakwa psl. 197 (1) sub d;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 27 PK / PID / 2003 Tanggal 04 Juli 2003, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex factie kasasi telah salah dalam menerapkan hukum dalam pertimbangan hukumnya. dalam pembuktian terhadap unsur memperdaya publik atau seseorang, jika seseorang tidak pernah didengar keterangannya di muka persidangan, maka keterangan saksi yang didengar dari orang lain harus dikategorikan sebagai testimonium de auditu dan oleh karenanya tidak dapat dijadikan alat bukti;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 38 PK / PID / 2003 Tanggal 6 Juni 2005, KAIDAH HUKUM: Terdapat kekeliruan atau kekhilafan yang nyata karena judex factie dalam pertimbangan hukumnya sama sekali tidak mempertimbangkan prinsip keadilan bagi Pemohon PK ;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 218 K / PID / 2004 Tanggal 14 Juli 2004, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex factie telah salah menerapkan hukum; judex factie dengan melawan hak tidak mempertimbangkan secara cermat alat bukti berupa surat – surat yang diajukan di muka persidangan.

Yang berwenang memeriksa dan memutus perkara ini adalah Pengadilan Perdata;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1077 K / PID / 1997 Tanggal 17 Februari 1998, KAIDAH HUKUM: Pasal 284 KUHP ditujukan kepada orang yang terhadapnya berlaku ketentuan pasal 27 KUHPerdata yang hanya dapat diberlakukan bagi golongan Tionghoa. Maka pasal 284 KUHP tidak dapat diterapkan / diberlakukan terhadap diri Terdakwa I dan II yang tidak termasuk golongan orang Tionghoa, melainkan orang Indonesia asli / pribumi asli;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1166 K / PID / 1997 Tanggal 22 Januari 1997, KAIDAH HUKUM: Adalah tepat dan benar beralasan hukum apabila barang bukti berupa kapal motor, yang terbukti dipergunakan oleh pelaku tindak pidana dalam melakukan kejahatan atau pelanggaran, dirampas untuk Negara, tanpa perlu mempertimbangkan siapa pemilik kapal motor tersebut;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1590 K / PID / 1997 Tanggal 2 Maret 1998, KAIDAH HUKUM: Apabila seseorang mengambil barang yang bukan merupakan jaminan utang, maka dapat ditafsirkan “dengan maksud memiliki secara melawan hak”. Dalam kasus ini, Judex factie telah salah menafsirkan unsur “dengan maksud memiliki secara melawan hukum”;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1558 K / PID / 1998 Tanggal 29 Januari 1999, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam hal seorang Terdakwa masih berumur 17 (tujuh belas) tahun, sesuai dengan asas – asas peradilan anak, maka pemeriksaan perkara yang bersangkutan dilakukan secara tertutup;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1658 K / PID / 1998 Tanggal 30 April 1999, KAIDAH HUKUM: Bila pemilik rumah menghendaki penghentian sewa – menyewa, seharusnya si pemilik mengajukan gugatan di Pengadilan Negeri (Pasal 10 ayat 3 tentang PP 55 / 1981 tentang Perubahan atas PP 49 / 1963 tentang Hubungan Sewa – Menyewa Perumahan);

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 144 K / PID / 200 Tanggal 21 Agustus 2000, KAIDAH HUKUM: Oleh karena akta autentik yang merupakan salah satu unsur dari dakwaan Jaksa Penuntut Umum, baik di dalam dakwaan kesatu maupun dakwaan kedua, tidak terpenuhi, maka Terdakwa tidak terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana yang dimaksud oleh dakwaan – dakwaan kesatu dan kedua, dan karenanya Terdakwa harus dibebaskan dari dakwaan – dakwaan. Berdasarkan pertimbangan itu, putusan PT Bandung tanggal 10 November 1999 No.207 / PID/1999/PT.Bdg yang menguatkan putusan PN. Bekasi tanggal 7 Agustus 1999 No.31/Pid/B/1999/PN.Bks harus dibatalkan, dan permohonan dari Pemohon kasasi / Terdakwa Dra. Dhanie Saraswati, Msc, dikabulkan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 972 K / PID / 2000 Tanggal 30 November 2000, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam hal unsur memiliki dengan melawan hukum telah terbukti, maka Terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana penggelapan sebagaimana didakwakan oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum, sehingga Terdakwa tersebut haruslah dijatuhi hukuman. Unsur memiliki dengan melawan hukum telah direalisasikan oleh Terdakwa dengan cara menyewakan gudang sengketa, seolah – oleh Terdakwa adalah pemilik;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 561 K / PID / 1982 Tanggal 30 Juli 1983, KAIDAH HUKUM: Menurut yurisprudensi, pasal 284 ayat 1 KUHP berlaku bagi seorang suami yang tidak tunduk pada pasal 27 BW. Meskipun demikian, hal itu tidaklah berarti bahwa untuk diindahkannya pengaduan dari suami yang dipermalukan harus terlebih dahulu ada perceraian antara dia dan isterinya yang berzinah;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 587 K / PID / 1982 Tanggal 28 Juli 1983, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam hal putusan pidana mengandung pembebasan terhadap perbuatan yang didakwakan, menurut yurisprudensi, jaksa seharusnya mengemukakan dalam memori bahwa pembebasan tersebut sebenarnya adalah lepas dari tuntutan hukum dengan alasan – alasan hukumnya. Tetapi dalam perkara ini jaksa begitu saja mengatakan bahwa amar putusan Pengadilan Tinggi seharusnya adalah lepas dari tuntutan hukum, tanpa memberi alasan hukum; oleh karena itu, permohonan kasasi yang diajukan Jaksa harus dinyatakan tidak dapat diterima;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 39 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 13 September 1984, KAIDAH HUKUM: Hubungan hukum yang terjadi antara Terdakwa dan saksi merupakan hubungan perdata dalam bentuk perjanjian jual – beli dengan syarat pembayaran dalam tempo 1 (satu) bulan, dan tidak dapat ditafsirkan sebagai tindak pidana penipuan (eks Pasal 378 KUHP);

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 531 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 09 Mei 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Perbuatan Terdakwa terbukti tetapi bukan merupakan tindak pidana melainkan suatu kasus perdata;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 39 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 13 September 1984, KAIDAH HUKUM: Tidak terbukti adanya unsur “dengan maksud untuk memiliki dengan melawan hukum” dalam perbuatan pencurian yang didakwakan kepada Terdakwa; demikian pula, tidak terbukti adanya unsur “melawan hukum” dalam perbuatan tidak menyenangkan yang didakwakan kepada Terdakwa. Oleh karena itu, Terdakwa harus dibebaskan dari dakwaan – dakwaan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 606 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 30 Maret 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Judex Factie salah menerapkan hukum karena dakwaan yang didakwakan kepada Terdakwa bersifat kumulatif. Isi dakwaan ternyata, bersifat alternatif, meskipun yang tertulis Kesatu dan Kedua, karena kejahatan yang didakwakan adalah sama. Karena dakwaan primer sudah dinyatakan terbukti, maka dakwaan subsider tidak perlu dipertimbangkan lagi;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 618 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 17 April 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Penjualan barang – barang jaminan milik saksi oleh Terdakwa tanpa izin saksi tersebut merupakan penggelapan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 628 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 22 Juli 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Pengadilan Tinggi, sebelum memutus pokok perkara, seharusnya menunggu dulu sampai putusan Pengadilan yang akan menentukan status pemilikan tanah dan rumah tersebut mempunyai kekuatan pasti;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 731 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 27 Mei 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Perkara ini seharusnya diperiksa dengan acara singkat karena Terdakwa dituntut berdasarkan dakwaan pasal 310 (1) KUHP);

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 808 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 09 Mei 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dakwaan yang tidak cermat, tidak jelas dan tidak lengkap harus dinyatakan batal demi hukum;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 818 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 30 Mei 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Tindak pidana yang didakwakan kepada Terdakwa adalah pelanggaran pasal 310 KUHP, tetapi perbuatan yang terbukti dilakukan Terdakwa adalah p;asal 315 KUHP. Kendati demikian, mengingat bahwa tindak pidana menurut pasal 315 KUHP tersebut adalah tindak pidana yang sejenis – cuma lebih ringan ancaman hukumannya – Terdakwa dapat dipersalahkan dan dihukum melanggar padsal 315 KUHP, sehingga kualifikasi putusan Pengadilan Tinggi dan Pengadilan Negeri perlu diperbaiki;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 325 K / PID / 1985 Tanggal 27 Oktober 1986, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dakwaan yang hanya menyebutkan bahwa Terdakwa telah menjual sawah dengan harga Rp. 1.500.000,- yang ternyata tanah tersebut tidak ada, bukan merupakan delik penipuan ex pasal 378 KUHP ataupun tindak pidana lainnya, melainkan masalah perdata biasa, sehingga meskipun hal itu terbukti dilakukan oleh Terdakwa, ia harus dilepas dari segala tuntutan hukum dan hak Terdakwa harus dipulihkan dalam kemampuan, kedudukan, dan harkat serta martabatnya;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 464 K / PID / 1985 Tanggal 13 September 1985, KAIDAH HUKUM: Menurut yurisprudensi tetap, terhadap putusan praperadilan tidak dapat dimintakan kasasi;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1130 K / PID / 1985 Tanggal 18 Desember 1987, KAIDAH HUKUM: Apabila Terdakwa tidak mengetahui / menduga / menyangka barang – barang tersebut berasal dari kejahatan, karena itu adalah salah satu unsur dari pasal 480 KUHP tidak dapat dibuktikan, maka Terdakwa harus dibebaskan dari dakwaan dan bukan dilepas dari tuntutan hukum;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1205 K / PID / 1985 Tanggal 23 Juni 1987, KAIDAH HUKUM: Terdakwa tidak terbukti melakukan tindak pidana termaksud dalam pasal 310 (2) KUHP, karena kata – kata yang Terdakwa tulis dalam surat kontramemori banding ditujukan kepada Pengadilan Tinggi Agama, tanpa maksud diketahui oleh umum;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1295 K / PID / 1985 Tanggal 02 Januari 1986, KAIDAH HUKUM: Mahkamah Agung tidak menyetujui pertimbangan judex factie bahwa unsur niat / kesengajaan untuk menghilangkan nyawa orang lain harus terbukti dengan beberapa tusukan, karena bagi seorang yang ahli, satu tusukan yang tepat sudah mematikan. Bahwa korban tidak meninggal seketika, itu tidak berarti bahwa Terdakwa tidak punya niat / kesengajaan untuk menghilangkan nyawa orang lain. Kesengajaan untuk menghilangkan nyawa orang lain dapat dibuktikan dengan alat yang dipergunakan untuk melakukan tindak pidana tersebut dan tempat yang dilukai alat itu pada badan korban. Dalam perkara ini, alatnya adalah pisau dapur, yang umum diketahui sebagai alat yang dapat menimbulkan kematian. Sedangkan tempat pada badan korban adalah dada sebelah kiri sehingga tusukan dengan pisau dapur tersebut menimbulkan saluran luka. Dengan demikian, Terdakwa telah terbukti dengan sah dan meyakinkan melakukan pembunuhan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 693 K / PID / 1986 Tanggal 12 Juli 1986, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam dakwaan pencurian dengan pemberatan (gekwalificeerde diefstal), dengan sendirinya pencurian – pencurian yang lebih ringan termasuk di dalamnya, i.c. Pasal 363 (1) ke – 4 KUHP;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1690 K / PID / 1987 Tanggal 16 Desember 1987, KAIDAH HUKUM: Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi yang menyatakan bahwa Pengadilan Tinggi tidak berwenang mengeluarkan surat perintah penahanan terhadap Terdakwa harus dibatalkan karena berdasarkan pasal 27 KUHAP, Pengadilan Tinggi berwenang mengeluarkan surat perintah penahanan untuk paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari ;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 169 K / PID / 1988 Tanggal 17 Maret 1988, KAIDAH HUKUM: Pengadilan Tinggi salah menerapkan hukum sebab tidak mencantumkan dengan lengkap dalam amar putusannya identitas Terdakwa dan status tahanan Terdakwa sebagaimana dimaksud pada pasal 197 ayat 1 sub B dan sub K KUHAP. Oleh karena itu, sesuai dengan pasal 197 (2) KUHAP, putusan Pengadilan Tinggi tersebut harus dinyatakan batal demi hukum;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 736 K / PID / 1988 Tanggal 25 Oktober 1990, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam amar putusan cukup disebutkan bahwa Terdakwa terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan kejahatan mempunyai, menaruh, memamer-kan, memakai, dan menyediakan untuk dipakai alat ukur, takaran, timbangan atau alat perlengkapan yang tidak bertanda tera sah yang berlaku atau setidak – tidaknya disertai dengan keterangan pengesahan yang berlaku. Adapun pasal – pasal dari UU yang dilanggar tidak perlu dicantumkan dalam amar putusan ;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1804 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 12 Februari 1992, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam ilmu hukum pidana, “menyuruh melakukan” mengandung arti bahwa si pelaku langsung tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Tetapi dalam perkara ini keadaannya tidak demikian; dengan melihat bukti – bukti perbuatan Terdakwa, jelas bahwa apa yang dilakukan oleh Terdakwa adalah suatu perbuatan yang langsung dilakukan oleh Terdakwa. Jadi, Terdakwa adalah pelaku langsung, bukan menyuruh lakukan seperti pendapat judex factie ;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1953 K / PID / 1988 Tanggal 23 Januari 1993, KAIDAH HUKUM: Berat ringannya pidana adalah wewenang judex factie yangb tidak tunduk pada kasasi, kecuali apabila judex factie menjatuhkan pidana melampaui batas maksimum yang ditentukan UU atau pidana yang dijatuhkan tanpa pertimbangan yang cukup;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1036 K / PID / 1989 Tanggal 31 Agustus 1992, KAIDAH HUKUM: Karena sejak semula Terdakwa telah dengan sadar mengetahui bahwa cek – cek yang diberikan kepada saksi korban tidak ada dananya atau dikenal sebagai cek kosong, tuduhan penipuan harus dianggap terbukti;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 1828 K / PID / 1989 Tanggal 5 Juli 1990, KAIDAH HUKUM: Permohonan kasasi yang diajukan oleh Jaksa Agung karena jabatan demi kepentingan hukum tidak terikat pada tenggang waktu. Putusan kasasi terhadap permohonan kasasi oleh Jaksa Agung karena jabatan demi kepentingan hukum tidak mempunyai akibat hukum. Penyitaan terhadap sebuah kapal menurut pasal 77 KUHAP bukan objek praperadilan; larangan bagi kapal untuk meninggalkan pelabuhan bukanlah penahanan yang dimaksud dalam pasal 20 dan 21 KUHAP; pemilik kapal yang dilarang meninggalkan pelabuhan bukan subjek yang berhak menuntut ganti rugi berdasarkan pasal 95 KUHAP;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 531 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 09 Mei 1985 , KAIDAH HUKUM: Perbuatan Terdakwa terbukti tetapi bukan merupakan tindak pidan;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 39 K / PID / 1984 Tanggal 13 September 1984, KAIDAH HUKUM: Hubungan hukum yang terjadi antara Terdakwa dan saksi merupakan hubungan perdata dalam bentuk perjanjian jual – beli dengan syarat pembayaran dalam tempo 1 (satu) bulan, dan tidak dapat ditafsirkan sebagai tindak pidana penipuan (eks Pasal 378 KUHP);

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 401 K / PID / 1983 Tanggal 19 April 1984, KAIDAH HUKUM: Sesuai dengan pasal 83 ayat (1) KUHAP, terhadap putusan praperadilan tidak dapat dimintakan banding; kecuali terhadap putusan praperadilan yang menetapkan tidak sahnya penghentian penyidikan atau penuntutan, dapat dimintakan putusan akhir pada Pengadilan Tinggi. Dengan pertimbangan itu, terhadap putusan – putusan praperadilan tidak dimungkinkan permintaan pemeriksaan kasasi, karena keharusan cepat dari perkara – perkara praperadilan tidak akan terpenuhi kalau masih dimungkinkan pemeriksaan kasasi ;

– Putusan MAHKAMAKAH AGUNG RI  Nomor Register: 587 K / PID / 1982 Tanggal 28 Juli 1983, KAIDAH HUKUM: Dalam hal putusan pidana mengandung pembebasan terhadap perbuatan yang didakwakan, menurut yurisprudensi, jaksa seharusnya mengemukakan dalam memori bahwa pembebasan tersebut sebenarnya adalah lepas dari tuntutan hukum dengan alasan – alasan hukumnya. Tetapi dalam perkara ini jaksa begitu saja mengatakan bahwa amar putusan Pengadilan Tinggi seharusnya adalah lepas dari tuntutan hukum, tanpa memberikan alasan hukum; oleh karena itu, permohonan kasasi yang diajukan oleh Jaksa harus dinyatakan tidak dapat diterima ;

 

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About Author: Appe Hamonangan Hutauruk

Appe Hamonangan Hutauruk selaku Penulis tunggal pada Website: "Law Firm Appe Hamonangan Hutauruk & Associates" adalah seorang "Pegiat Penegakkan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia" serta "Pemerhati Sosial Kemasyarakatan" yang berprofesi sebagai Advokat (Advocate), Konsultan Hukum (Legal Consultant) dan Dosen (lecturer) pada salah satu Universitas swasta di Jakarta, selain itu juga menduduki jabatan sebagai Ketua Umum pada Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) bernama "Komunitas Masyarakat Anti Korupsi dan Penggelapan Pajak (KOMAKOPEPA). youtube.com/c/BeritaHukumKebijakanPublik
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